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Title: Utilization of Biomass Molecules for Sustainable Chemical Industry: Chemical Modification and Conversion of Glycerol Triesters

Abstract: With the increasing depletion of non-renewable resources such as petroleum and the growing environmental consciousness among individuals, global politics and institutions have shifted towards principles of sustainable development. This has prompted the chemical industry to focus on sustainable chemistry, particularly in the production of high-performance materials using biomass molecules. Biomass molecules possess renewable, inexhaustible, and abundant characteristics, making them a promising market for the future. Among biomass molecules, plant-derived vegetable oils, rich in triglycerides, are currently the most widely used renewable resources in the chemical industry. Soybean oil, castor oil, palm oil, and rapeseed oil are extensively employed as primary raw materials for the synthesis of various bio-based products. Numerous researchers have reported the chemical modification and conversion of triglycerides into polymerizable monomers through epoxidation. Triglycerides typically possess three ester bonds, which can be hydrolyzed to form glycerol and three fatty acids. Fatty acids constitute approximately 95% of the total weight of triglycerides. Different plant oils exhibit varying compositions of fatty acids, with most fatty acids possessing natural functionalities such as double bonds and hydroxyl groups.

Introduction:

Due to the continuous depletion of non-renewable resources such as petroleum and the increasing global emphasis on sustainable development, the chemical industry is now being urged to shift towards sustainable chemistry. This involves the utilization of biomass molecules, which have renewable, abundant, and inexhaustible characteristics. Among the biomass molecules, plant-derived vegetable oils, which are primarily composed of triglycerides, are widely used in the chemical industry. Soybean oil, castor oil, palm oil, and rapeseed oil are commonly used as raw materials for the synthesis of various bio-based products. Researchers have extensively studied the chemical modification and conversion of triglycerides into polymerizable monomers through the process of epoxidation. Triglycerides possess three ester bonds, which can be hydrolyzed to form glycerol and three fatty acids. Fatty acids constitute approximately 95% of the total weight of triglycerides and exhibit diverse compositions depending on the plant oil source. These fatty acids often possess natural functionalities such as double bonds and hydroxyl groups.

Conclusion:

The increasing awareness of the limited availability of non-renewable resources, coupled with the global inclination towards sustainable development, has pushed the chemical industry to explore sustainable chemistry. Biomass molecules, particularly plant-derived vegetable oils rich in triglycerides, have emerged as a promising solution. These oils, such as soybean oil, castor oil, palm oil, and rapeseed oil, are extensively used as raw materials for the synthesis of bio-based products. Researchers have successfully chemically modified and converted triglycerides into polymerizable monomers through epoxidation. The composition of fatty acids in triglycerides varies depending on the plant oil source, with a majority of them possessing natural functionalities such as double bonds and hydroxyl groups. These findings highlight the potential of biomass molecules in the development of high-performance materials within the sustainable chemical industry