12 把 $$E=E_y mcosleftomega t-k x+phirightoverrightarrowa_y+E_x msinleftomega t-k x+phirightoverrightarrowa_x$$改写成复数形式。
将正弦函数表示为复指数形式,得:
$$ \begin{aligned} E &= E_{ym} \operatorname{Re}\left[e^{j(\omega t - kx + \phi)}\overrightarrow{a}y\right] + E{xm} \operatorname{Re}\left[je^{j(\omega t - kx + \phi)}\overrightarrow{a}x\right] \ &= \operatorname{Re}\left[E{ym}e^{j(\omega t - kx + \phi)}\overrightarrow{a}y\right] + \operatorname{Re}\left[E{xm}je^{j(\omega t - kx + \phi)}\overrightarrow{a}x\right] \ &= \operatorname{Re}\left[\left(E{ym} + jE_{xm}\right)e^{j(\omega t - kx + \phi)}\overrightarrow{a}r\right] \ &= \left(E{ym} + jE_{xm}\right)e^{j(\omega t - kx + \phi)}\overrightarrow{a}r + \left(E{ym} - jE_{xm}\right)e^{-j(\omega t - kx + \phi)}\overrightarrow{a}l \ &= \left(E{ym} + jE_{xm}\right)e^{j(\omega t - kx + \phi)}\overrightarrow{a}r + \left(E{ym} - jE_{xm}\right)e^{j(-\omega t + kx - \phi)}\overrightarrow{a}_l \ \end{aligned} $$
其中,$\overrightarrow{a}_r = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\overrightarrow{a}_y + \overrightarrow{a}_x\right)$,$\overrightarrow{a}_l = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\overrightarrow{a}_y - \overrightarrow{a}_x\right)$ 分别表示右旋圆极化和左旋圆极化的基矢
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