With the great progress in fabrication process 9 thin film lithium niobate TFLN emerges recently due to excellent properties of the lithium niobate material including broad transparency window high st

Recent advancements in fabrication processes have led to the emergence of thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) as a promising material for developing integrated optical devices. This is due to the exceptional properties displayed by lithium niobate, which include a broad transparency window, high stability, and high Pockels and nonlinear optical coefficients. Various integrated optical devices, such as high-performance modulators, frequency comb generators, frequency shifters, and wavelength converters, have been developed on the TFLN platform. These devices are expected to exhibit superior performance owing to the excellent properties of the TFLN material