the PDs exhibit a high bandwidth of ≈30 GHz an ultra-low dark current of tens of pico-amperes a high normalized photo-to-dark-current ratio of 163 × 106 W−1 as well as a high linear dynamic range of 3

The photodetectors (PDs) demonstrate exceptional performance characteristics, including a significantly broad frequency range of approximately 30 gigahertz, an ultra-low level of dark current in the range of tens of pico-amperes, a high ratio of normalized photo-to-dark-current of 1.63 × 106 W−1, and a wide linear dynamic range of 3 μW to 1.86 mW (and beyond) at a wavelength of 1.55 μm.