select id from test_1 where id = select maxid from test_1 and version != 1 or retention_24 != eeeeee or para_64 != 0000000000000000 or retention_64 != eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

可以使用CASE WHEN语句，在满足条件时插入对应的值：

select
	id,
	CASE WHEN version != '1' 
				or retention_24 != 'eeeeee' 
				or para_64 != '0000000000000000'
				or retention_64 != 'eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee' THEN 1
			 WHEN UNIX_TIMESTAMP(STR_TO_DATE(start_time, '%Y%m%d%H%i%s')) - ts_float > 0 THEN 2
			 ELSE NULL END AS new_column
from test_1
where id = (
				select
				max(id)
				from test_1
			)

其中，CASE WHEN语句分别判断version，retention_24，para_64，retention_64和UNIX_TIMESTAMP是否满足条件，满足时插入对应的值，否则插入NULL。注意，需要在SELECT语句中添加新的列名和AS关键字