ESP8266单片机用于数据收集、联网和与云服务器通信。 DHT11环境温湿度传感器用于测量大棚的环境温度和湿度。 土壤湿度传感器用于测量土壤湿度。 树莓派3B连接显示器用于显示大棚信息。 4G-Wi-Fi模块为ESP8266单片机提供网络连接功能。基于物联网的蔬菜大棚方案设计硬件通过此生成论文中的段落：

The hardware design for the vegetable greenhouse based on the Internet of Things includes the use of an ESP8266 microcontroller for data collection, networking, and communication with a cloud server. The DHT11 environmental temperature and humidity sensor is used to measure the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse. A soil moisture sensor is used to measure the moisture level in the soil. A Raspberry Pi 3B is connected to a display screen for displaying information about the greenhouse. A 4G-Wi-Fi module is used to provide network connectivity for the ESP8266 microcontroller. Together, these components form a comprehensive system for monitoring and controlling the environment in the vegetable greenhouse