In the framework the system execution traces are simulated by abstractly executing events of the IoT service system and an improved mandatory result automaton suitable for non-intrusive runtime monito

The proposed framework involves simulating system execution traces through abstract event execution in the IoT service system. A mandatory result automaton that caters to non-intrusive runtime monitoring is developed by introducing a reliable action set. Safety attributes are then verified on the IoT resource model, ensuring that only events adhering to safety specifications are sent to physical devices. This approach guarantees runtime assurance for the IoT system.