针对电化学还原 CO2 反应CO2ER过电位较高、转化效率较低、产物选择性较差等问题对 CO2ER 催 化剂、电解液和电解池的最新研究进展进行综述指出现阶段开发的 CO2ER 催化剂主要包括金属纳米粒 子、金属合金、金属氧化物、金属硫化物和金属单原子催化剂可通过调变催化剂的形貌结构和颗粒尺寸、掺 杂元素、引入结构缺陷等方式来提高催化剂的活性、选择性和稳定性;CO2ER 体系的电解液主要包括水系电

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the recent advances in catalysts, electrolytes, and electrolytic cells for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2ER), addressing the challenges of high overpotential, low conversion efficiency, and poor product selectivity. The current state-of-the-art CO2ER catalysts include metal nanoparticles, metal alloys, metal oxides, metal sulfides, and single-atom catalysts. The activity, selectivity, and stability of these catalysts can be improved by adjusting their morphology, particle size, doping elements, and introducing structural defects. The electrolytes for CO2ER systems mainly comprise aqueous, ionic liquid, and organic solvent electrolytes. Aqueous electrolytes are widely used, but the occurrence of hydrogen evolution reactions can inhibit the selectivity of the products. In contrast, ionic liquid and organic solvent electrolytes have a high CO2 solubility and can suppress the occurrence of hydrogen evolution reactions, making them a promising direction for future research. The electrolytic cells for CO2ER include H-type cells, continuous flow cells, and MEA reactors. Among them, MEA reactors are an important technical means to achieve the scaled-up application of CO2 electrocatalytic conversion. Future research should focus on exploring the catalytic reaction mechanism, identifying the active sites, achieving precise control of the reaction catalytic performance and stability, developing new electrolytes, and improving the design of electrolytic cells to further optimize the reaction performance