作为论文的摘要请优化它：With groundwater resources depleting water-saving wheat cultivation was promoted However with climate change causing drought the benefits of water-saving winter wheat cultivation in the lo

Groundwater resources are depleting, necessitating water-saving wheat cultivation. However, the long-term benefits of water-saving winter wheat cultivation and its response to climate change are unknown. To address this, a six-year experiment was conducted to investigate the yield and water-saving benefits of conventional (Con), optimized (Opt), and minimal (Min) irrigation treatments. The results showed that Opt had a six-year average yield of 8.3 Mg ha-1, comparable to Con while using 10.2% less water and 8.0% more water use efficiently. In contrast, Min had a yield 28.4% less than Con but used 36.9% less water and was 6.5% more water efficient. The study found that the 90% decrease in yield of Min was caused by a reduction in ear number due to water stress from jointing to flowering. The treatments exhibited erratic yields with interannual variation ranging from 9.4-10.5%. Con and Opt contributed 92.3% and 66.1% of the yield variation in thousand kernel weight, respectively, while Min ear number accounted for 60.7% of the yield variation. Tmin at the filling stage had significant effects on KW in the Con and Opt treatments, while the Min treatment at the pre-flowering stage was more affected by rainfall regarding ear number. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into balancing water conservation and food security while adapting to climate change