It is essential to recognize that the impact of spring frost on crops is a complex issue that is influenced by multiple factors including temperature change and duration during the period spring frost

It is important to understand that the impact of spring frost on crops is a complex issue that is influenced by various factors, such as temperature changes and duration during the occurrence of spring frost. These factors can be used to measure the intensity of spring frost events. Previous studies have defined the intensity of spring frost by the number of days on which spring frost occurs during a specific growth period. This method is effective in estimating the impact of spring frost on crop yield. However, it does not consider factors such as temperature difference, temperature fluctuation, and the number of days of continuous spring frost during the occurrence of spring frost. These factors can not only reflect changes in the intensity of spring frost with global warming but also help assess the impact of spring frost on crop yield worldwide. These multiple factors may affect crop yield together, but the mechanism of their effect on crop yield is still not well understood. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a common method of measuring the intensity of spring frost to investigate the correlation between crop yield reduction and the intensity of spring frost events