Modifying sentences in academic language reduces repetition without compromising the meaning of the original text：The wettability of particles plays an important role in the physical stability of Pick

The physical stability of Pickering emulsion is influenced by the wettability of particles, which can be modified to avoid repetition. Zein particles displayed a θow of approximately 115.4° (Fig. 4A), indicating their preference for the oil phase over the water phase. Due to the presence of over 50% hydrophobic amino acid residues in zein molecules, the particles tended to aggregate in aqueous environments rather than arrange at the oil-water interface. In contrast, the addition of TS resulted in a range of θow values from about 95.7° to 84.7° with increasing TS concentration, which created a near-neutral wettability (θow∼90°) that facilitated efficient packing of particles at the oil-water interface and prevented coalescence of oil droplets. This improvement in hydrophobicity was attributed to hydrogen bonding between the carbonyl moieties of zein and the hydroxyl groups of the TS, which increased the hydroxyl groups on the surface of zein particles and reduced their hydrophobic nature. In a previous study, the wettability of zein particles was successfully modified by ionic surfactant sodium stearate through hydrophobic interaction