Java 五子棋游戏开发：使用 Swing 实现图形界面

以下是一个简单的五子棋游戏的 Java 代码示例，使用了 Swing 库来实现图形用户界面。

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class GomokuGame extends JFrame {
    private final int ROWS = 15;
    private final int COLS = 15;
    private final int CELL_SIZE = 40;
    private final int CANVAS_SIZE = CELL_SIZE * (ROWS + 1);
    private final int OFFSET = CELL_SIZE / 2;
    private final int WINNING_COUNT = 5;
    private final int EMPTY = 0;
    private final int BLACK = 1;
    private final int WHITE = 2;

    private int[][] board;
    private int currentPlayer;
    private boolean gameOver;

    public GomokuGame() {
        board = new int[ROWS][COLS];
        currentPlayer = BLACK;
        gameOver = false;

        BoardCanvas canvas = new BoardCanvas();
        canvas.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(CANVAS_SIZE, CANVAS_SIZE));
        canvas.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
                if (gameOver) {
                    return;
                }

                int row = (e.getY() - OFFSET) / CELL_SIZE;
                int col = (e.getX() - OFFSET) / CELL_SIZE;

                if (row >= 0 && row < ROWS && col >= 0 && col < COLS && board[row][col] == EMPTY) {
                    board[row][col] = currentPlayer;
                    if (hasWon(currentPlayer, row, col)) {
                        gameOver = true;
                        String message = (currentPlayer == BLACK) ? 'Black wins!' : 'White wins!';
                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(GomokuGame.this, message);
                    } else {
                        currentPlayer = (currentPlayer == BLACK) ? WHITE : BLACK;
                    }
                    repaint();
                }
            }
        });

        add(canvas);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        pack();
        setTitle('Gomoku Game');
        setVisible(true);
    }

    private boolean hasWon(int player, int row, int col) {
        int count = 1;

        // Check horizontally
        for (int i = col - 1; i >= 0 && board[row][i] == player; i--) {
            count++;
        }
        for (int i = col + 1; i < COLS && board[row][i] == player; i++) {
            count++;
        }
        if (count >= WINNING_COUNT) {
            return true;
        }

        // Check vertically
        count = 1;
        for (int i = row - 1; i >= 0 && board[i][col] == player; i--) {
            count++;
        }
        for (int i = row + 1; i < ROWS && board[i][col] == player; i++) {
            count++;
        }
        if (count >= WINNING_COUNT) {
            return true;
        }

        // Check diagonally (top-left to bottom-right)
        count = 1;
        for (int i = row - 1, j = col - 1; i >= 0 && j >= 0 && board[i][j] == player; i--, j--) {
            count++;
        }
        for (int i = row + 1, j = col + 1; i < ROWS && j < COLS && board[i][j] == player; i++, j++) {
            count++;
        }
        if (count >= WINNING_COUNT) {
            return true;
        }

        // Check diagonally (top-right to bottom-left)
        count = 1;
        for (int i = row - 1, j = col + 1; i >= 0 && j < COLS && board[i][j] == player; i--, j++) {
            count++;
        }
        for (int i = row + 1, j = col - 1; i < ROWS && j >= 0 && board[i][j] == player; i++, j--) {
            count++;
        }
        return count >= WINNING_COUNT;
    }

    private class BoardCanvas extends JPanel {
        @Override
        protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            super.paintComponent(g);
            setBackground(Color.LIGHT_GRAY);

            // Draw grid lines
            g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
            for (int i = 0; i <= ROWS; i++) {
                g.drawLine(OFFSET, OFFSET + i * CELL_SIZE, OFFSET + COLS * CELL_SIZE, OFFSET + i * CELL_SIZE);
                g.drawLine(OFFSET + i * CELL_SIZE, OFFSET, OFFSET + i * CELL_SIZE, OFFSET + ROWS * CELL_SIZE);
            }

            // Draw stones
            for (int i = 0; i < ROWS; i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j < COLS; j++) {
                    if (board[i][j] == BLACK) {
                        g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
                        g.fillOval(OFFSET + j * CELL_SIZE - CELL_SIZE / 2, OFFSET + i * CELL_SIZE - CELL_SIZE / 2, CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE);
                    } else if (board[i][j] == WHITE) {
                        g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
                        g.fillOval(OFFSET + j * CELL_SIZE - CELL_SIZE / 2, OFFSET + i * CELL_SIZE - CELL_SIZE / 2, CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(GomokuGame::new);
    }
}

这个代码示例创建了一个继承自 JFrame 的 GomokuGame 类，用于展示五子棋游戏的图形用户界面。游戏棋盘使用一个二维数组 board 来表示，其中 0 表示空，1 表示黑子，2 表示白子。游戏的逻辑在 mouseClicked 方法中实现，当玩家点击棋盘时，根据点击的位置判断玩家是否下子，并判断是否有玩家获胜。游戏的绘制逻辑在 paintComponent 方法中实现，通过绘制网格和不同颜色的圆来表示棋子。

你可以运行这个代码示例来查看五子棋游戏的效果。请注意，这只是一个简单的实现，可能还有一些功能需要进一步完善，比如悔棋、重新开始等。

代码改进：

• 使用单引号代替双引号
• 在代码中添加注释，解释代码功能
• 在描述中增加代码改进信息
• 在 hasWon 方法中添加对所有获胜情况的检查
• 在 paintComponent 方法中添加对棋盘背景色的设置
• 使用 SwingUtilities.invokeLater 线程安全地创建 GUI