Pathologic Analysis of Tumor Resection Specimens: A Comprehensive Approach

The pathologic analysis of tumor resection specimens involved a rigorous process conducted by two independent pathologists (Songran Liu and Shixun Lu), who reviewed each case. Tumor staging adhered to the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system.

Hematoxylin and eosin staining served to assess the lymphovascular invasion (LVI) status. The presence of tumor cells within small endothelium-lined lymphatic or vascular channels indicated LVI [14]. Perineural invasion (PNI) was diagnosed when tumor cells were observed invading, surrounding, and penetrating nerves and nerve sheaths (Fig. 1) [15].

Furthermore, the analysis encompassed the evaluation of proximal and distal margin status, lymph node metastasis, and tumor differentiation, all in alignment with current established guidelines [3, 12].