共同海损条款翻译：约克/安特卫普规则解读

共同海损条款翻译及解读

原文：

'General Average shall be payable according to York/Antwerp Rules 1994. Average Bond with values declared herein to be signed, also sufficient security to be given as required by Master or Agents. If the owner shall have exercised due to diligence to make the steamer in all respects seaworthy and to have her properly manned, equipped and supplied, it is hereby agreed that in case of danger, damage or disaster, resulting from faults or errors in navigation, or in the management of the steamer, or from any latent defect in the steamer, her machinery or appurtenances, or from unseaworthiness whether existing at the time of shipment or at the beginning of the voyage (providing the latent defect or the unseaworthiness was not discovered by the exercise of due diligence), the consignees or owners of the cargo shall, nevertheless pay salvage, and any special charges incurred in respect of the cargo, and shall contribute with the shipowner in General Average to the payment of any sacrifices, losses or expenses of a General Average nature that may be made or incurred for the common benefit, or to relieve the adventure from any common peril, all with the same force and effect, and to the same extent, as if such danger, damage or disaster had not resulted from, or been occasioned by faults or errors in navigation of in the management of the vessel , or any, latent defect or unseaworthiness.'

翻译：

根据1994年约克/安特卫普规则，共同海损应按照规定支付。应签署声明价值的平均保证金，并根据船长或代理人的要求提供足够的担保。如果船东已经尽职尽责，确保船舶在所有方面都适航，并配备了适当的人员、设备和物资，则双方同意，即使发生由于航行或船舶管理上的过失或错误，或由于船舶、其机械或设备的任何潜在缺陷，或由于在装货时或航程开始时存在的航行不适航性（前提是尽职调查未能发现潜在缺陷或航行不适航性）而导致的危险、损坏或灾难，货物的收货人或所有人仍应支付救助费用和与货物相关的任何特殊费用，并应与船东共同分摊共同海损，以支付为共同利益而作出的或招致的、或为使航程免受任何共同危险而作出的或招致的任何一般平均性质的牺牲、损失或费用，所有这些都具有同等效力和范围，如同此类危险、损坏或灾难并非由航行或船舶管理上的过失或错误，或任何潜在缺陷或航行不适航性所导致或引起。

解读：

• 本条款规定了共同海损的适用规则为1994年约克/安特卫普规则，该规则是国际海上货物运输中处理共同海损的重要国际惯例。* 条款明确了共同海损的支付方式和担保要求，即需要签署平均保证金并提供足够的担保。* 条款强调了即使由于船舶本身的原因导致共同海损，货方也需要承担共同海损的责任，体现了共同海损分摊损失的原则。* 条款中“尽职调查”的概念非常重要，如果船东能够证明其已经尽职调查，则可以免除部分责任。

总结：

本条款清晰地界定了共同海损的概念、适用规则以及各方的权利义务，对于维护国际海上货物运输秩序、保障当事人合法权益具有重要意义。