International Law Incorporation: How It Becomes Domestic Law

The term used to describe the process by which international law is transformed into domestic law without the need for specific legislative action is 'Automatic incorporation'.

Explanation:

• Automatic incorporation refers to a legal principle where international law is automatically considered part of a country's domestic law without requiring specific legislation to adopt it. This is often seen in countries with a strong commitment to international law and a constitutional framework that allows for the direct application of international norms.

• Direct application is a closely related concept, but it emphasizes the direct application of international law in domestic courts without the need for translation into specific national legislation. This means that judges can directly apply international law in their decisions, even if there is no corresponding national law.

• Reception of international law is a broader term that encompasses the process by which international law is recognized and integrated into a country's legal system, regardless of whether it involves automatic incorporation or specific legislative action.

• Judicial adoption refers to the process by which courts interpret and apply international law in specific cases, thereby contributing to its incorporation into domestic law. However, this process does not necessarily involve automatic incorporation.

In summary: The correct answer is A, Automatic incorporation. This term accurately describes the direct application of international law within a domestic legal system without the need for specific legislation.