Discuss the different approaches in the study of Public Administration namely 1 Historical Approach; 2 Legal Approach; 3 Philosophical Approach; and 4 Systems Approach In the presentat

1. Historical Approach: This approach focuses on the evolution and development of Public Administration over time. It studies the past events and experiences that have shaped the field. Theorists who are associated with the Historical Approach include Woodrow Wilson, Luther Gulick, and Herbert Simon.

Example: Woodrow Wilson's essay "The Study of Administration" is a classic example of the Historical Approach. In this essay, Wilson discussed the need for a scientific approach to Public Administration and emphasized the importance of separating politics from administration.

2. Legal Approach: This approach emphasizes the legal aspects of Public Administration. It looks at the laws and regulations that govern the actions of public officials and agencies. Theorists who are associated with the Legal Approach include Frank Goodnow, Paul Appleby, and Dwight Waldo.

Example: Frank Goodnow's book "Politics and Administration" is a classic example of the Legal Approach. In this book, Goodnow argued that Public Administration should be based on the principles of law and that public officials should be guided by legal norms and procedures.

3. Philosophical Approach: This approach focuses on the ethical and moral dimensions of Public Administration. It examines the values and principles that should guide the actions of public officials and agencies. Theorists who are associated with the Philosophical Approach include Mary Parker Follett, Chester Barnard, and Robert Dahl.

Example: Mary Parker Follett's book "The New State" is a classic example of the Philosophical Approach. In this book, Follett argued that Public Administration should be guided by the principles of democracy and that public officials should work in partnership with citizens to achieve common goals.

4. Systems Approach: This approach views Public Administration as a complex system of interrelated parts. It looks at the interactions and relationships between different parts of the system and how they affect the overall performance of public agencies. Theorists who are associated with the Systems Approach include Ludwig von Bertalanffy, Daniel Katz, and Robert Kahn.

Example: Daniel Katz and Robert Kahn's book "The Social Psychology of Organizations" is a classic example of the Systems Approach. In this book, Katz and Kahn examined the different parts of organizations and how they interact with each other to affect organizational performance