汉语作为二语的口语课重操练、轻交际课后学生又因观念、性格、能力等因素导致汉语开口难缺乏和汉语母语者的真实交际。近年来的新冠疫情进一步加剧了以上情形。国际演讲组织Toastmasters头马线上会议能帮助学习者通过有组织的教育体系与会议模式提升个人综合素养尤其是其中的语言能力。头马的办会理念和产出导向法的理念相契合本研究尝试将产出导向法的理念带入实践举办了历时3个多月的七次模拟头马线上中文会议邀请了

As a second language, Chinese oral courses tend to focus more on practice than communication, and students often struggle with speaking due to factors such as mindset, personality, and ability. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated this situation.

The international speech organization Toastmasters can help learners improve their overall competence, especially in language skills, through an organized educational system and meeting format. This study attempted to incorporate the output-oriented concept of Toastmasters into practice by hosting seven simulated online Chinese meetings over a period of more than three months, inviting three high-level Chinese-speaking international students to participate, and recording, transcribing, calculating, and analyzing their oral output during the meetings. By comparing the oral output of the research subjects in terms of complexity, accuracy, and fluency from their first to their last meeting, the study aimed to demonstrate the development of their oral skills in each dimension. Based on quantitative analysis supplemented by qualitative analysis, the study explored the thinking, decision-making, and actions of the research subjects to investigate the reasons for their oral development.

The study found that the oral development of the research subjects after participating in simulated meetings was mainly reflected in complexity, while accuracy and fluency varied among individuals. Research subject A's overall oral development was good, with increased vocabulary diversity and difficulty, improved accuracy in pronunciation, vocabulary, and syntax, and a smoother pace with reduced repetition and alteration rates. The overall oral development of research subject B was less significant than that of research subject A, with an increase in vocabulary diversity, difficulty, average sentence length (AS), and syntax accuracy, and a decrease in pacing and alteration rates. Research subject C's accuracy and fluency development were not as good as those of A and B, with an increase in vocabulary difficulty, AS unit average sentence length, and number of small sentences, an improvement in syntax accuracy, and a decrease in pronunciation accuracy, an increase in pace, and an increase in syllable alteration and repetition rates. In the meetings, the development of the research subjects' oral complexity seemed to come at the expense of accuracy and fluency, resulting in a competitive relationship, which was most evident in research subject C.

In conclusion, this study explored the possibility of using the output-oriented concept of Toastmasters meetings to improve the oral Chinese proficiency of international students, providing practical references for Chinese language teaching and strategies and suggestions for Chinese oral learning.

Keywords: Chinese oral skills; Toastmasters; output-oriented concept; complexity; accuracy; fluency