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Nutrition and energy are crucial for the growth and development of juvenile animals. Exposure to heavy metals, neonicotinoid pesticides, and fungicides can impair digestion, energy reserves, production, and utilization in animals. In this study, we investigated the nutritional and energy metabolism of larvae under imidacloprid toxicity, which resulted in severe pathological changes in gut tissues, affecting the digestion and utilization of food. Biochemical assays revealed a significant decrease in larval digestion and catabolism of dietary proteins and carbohydrates, amino acid transport, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis, as well as a lack of energy reserves and increased energy expenditure. The downregulation of protein and carbohydrate catabolic and energy metabolism genes was positively correlated with the decrease in larval developmental rate and growth index, indicating a tight relationship between impaired catabolism and utilization of food nutrients caused by imidacloprid and larval developmental retardation. Imidacloprid exposure impacts larval digestion and utilization of food nutrients and energy, leading to insufficient nutrition and energy needed for growth and development, thus affecting the developmental process