Please polish the following paragraph according to the style of SCI journalsThe large temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the ceiling indicated that the thermal strain insid

The large temperature gradient between the inner and outer surfaces of the ceiling highlights the challenge of coordinating thermal strain within the roof. Specifically, the inner surface experienced high temperatures and significant thermal strain, while the outer surface remained cool and underwent minimal thermal strain. The limited thermal expansion of the inner surface by the outer surface resulted in compression of the former and tension in the latter. Upon reaching a certain temperature differential between the inner and outer surfaces of the immersed tunnel, the outer surface experienced tensile stress that exceeded the ultimate tensile strength of the concrete, leading to the development of cracks. The mechanism underlying concrete cracking due to uncoordinated thermal strain is depicted in Fig. 10