Rewrite With the development of industry the demand for energy has gradually increased Limited by the speed of technological development people have primarily relied on fossil fuels nearly 80 to meet

The gradual increase in industrialization has resulted in a corresponding surge in energy demand. Over the past few decades, due to the limitations of technological development, the majority of energy demand has been met through the use of fossil fuels, accounting for nearly 80% of total energy consumption. This has resulted in a marked increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, making the reduction of atmospheric CO2 concentrations a critical area of research in the fields of global environment and energy. Chemical methods that convert CO2 into industrial products provide a promising solution to reducing atmospheric CO2 concentrations while simultaneously alleviating energy pressure. Nonetheless, stable C=O chemical bonds, multiple electron transfers, and multiple reaction products present a range of challenges to improving catalytic performance and increasing selectivity.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), characterized by high porosity and diverse structures, offer broad potential applications. MOF framework materials possess rich molecular adsorption and sieving functions, in addition to other chemical or physical functions such as catalysis, light, electricity, and magnetism. Furthermore, the application potential of MOF framework materials can be further enhanced through functional regulation and composites. This paper focuses on two types of materials, namely photocatalytic CO2RR and electrocatalytic CO2RR, to investigate their potential for reducing atmospheric CO2 concentrations.

Chapter 2 of this paper details the preparation of a series of C60@PCN-222 and C60@PCN-223 composite materials with varying C60 contents using the solvent-thermal method. The electron donor-acceptor (D-A) effect of the composite affinity material constructed by the porphyrin-based metal-organic framework and C60 is explored to study the effect of efficient photoinduced charge transfer on photocatalytic CO2RR. The addition of C60 successfully reduces the recombination of photoinduced electrons and holes, providing a new approach for improving the electrical conductivity of MOFs and promoting the ability of charge and hole separation.

Chapter 1 reveals that porphyrin materials are highly efficient light-absorbing materials. By coordinating imidazole-type porphyrin ligands with metals, materials with more distinct and higher stability are synthesized. PCN-602, with the same topology structure as MOF-525, is chosen due to its high acid-base stability, solvent stability, and cavity size that can better encapsulate C60. The stability and catalytic performance of the material are studied using MOF-525, which has similar characteristics in performance, as they are both synthesized from porphyrin ligands. The composite material is applied to photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction in gas-solid and liquid-phase reaction systems.

In Chapter 3, the Ag-ROD framework material is studied, which is assembled by rod-shaped secondary structure units (ROD-SBU) and organic ligands. The metal ions in ROD-MOF are one-dimensionally arranged in a chain with the same direction as the pore distribution of the framework material formed by coordination with the ligand. The material's application effect in the field of electrocatalytic CO2RR is investigated, and its excellent pore channels are found to be conducive to mass transfer, making it beneficial to gas adsorption and mass transfer in catalytic reactions.