Python 实现常见的密钥加密算法：AES、RSA、ECC、DES、3DES、Rabin、ElGamal、Diffie-Hellman

本文将介绍 8 种常见的基于密钥的加密算法，并提供 Python 代码示例来演示它们的实现过程。这些算法包括但不限于：

AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)
RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman)
ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography)
DES (Data Encryption Standard)
3DES (Triple Data Encryption Standard)
Rabin
ElGamal
Diffie-Hellman

以下代码示例展示了这些算法的加密和解密过程，并省略了完整的错误处理和密钥生成部分。在实际使用中，需要更加细致地处理错误和密钥管理。

AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)

from Crypto.Cipher import AES
from Crypto.Random import get_random_bytes

def aes_encrypt(message, key):
    cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_EAX)
    nonce = cipher.nonce
    ciphertext, tag = cipher.encrypt_and_digest(message)
    return nonce + ciphertext + tag

def aes_decrypt(ciphertext, key):
    nonce = ciphertext[:16]
    tag = ciphertext[-16:]
    ciphertext = ciphertext[16:-16]
    cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_EAX, nonce)
    plaintext = cipher.decrypt_and_verify(ciphertext, tag)
    return plaintext

RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman)

from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_OAEP

def rsa_encrypt(message, public_key):
    cipher = PKCS1_OAEP.new(public_key)
    ciphertext = cipher.encrypt(message)
    return ciphertext

def rsa_decrypt(ciphertext, private_key):
    cipher = PKCS1_OAEP.new(private_key)
    plaintext = cipher.decrypt(ciphertext)
    return plaintext

ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography)

from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import ec
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend

def ecc_encrypt(message, public_key):
    ciphertext = public_key.encrypt(message, ec.ECIES())
    return ciphertext

def ecc_decrypt(ciphertext, private_key):
    plaintext = private_key.decrypt(ciphertext)
    return plaintext

DES (Data Encryption Standard)

from Crypto.Cipher import DES

def des_encrypt(message, key):
    cipher = DES.new(key, DES.MODE_ECB)
    ciphertext = cipher.encrypt(message)
    return ciphertext

def des_decrypt(ciphertext, key):
    cipher = DES.new(key, DES.MODE_ECB)
    plaintext = cipher.decrypt(ciphertext)
    return plaintext

3DES (Triple Data Encryption Standard)

from Crypto.Cipher import DES3

def triple_des_encrypt(message, key):
    cipher = DES3.new(key, DES3.MODE_ECB)
    ciphertext = cipher.encrypt(message)
    return ciphertext

def triple_des_decrypt(ciphertext, key):
    cipher = DES3.new(key, DES3.MODE_ECB)
    plaintext = cipher.decrypt(ciphertext)
    return plaintext

Rabin

from Crypto.PublicKey import Rabin
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5

def rabin_encrypt(message, public_key):
    cipher = PKCS1_v1_5.new(public_key)
    ciphertext = cipher.encrypt(message)
    return ciphertext

def rabin_decrypt(ciphertext, private_key):
    cipher = PKCS1_v1_5.new(private_key)
    plaintext = cipher.decrypt(ciphertext, None)
    return plaintext

ElGamal

from Crypto.PublicKey import ElGamal
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5

def elgamal_encrypt(message, public_key):
    cipher = PKCS1_v1_5.new(public_key)
    ciphertext = cipher.encrypt(message)
    return ciphertext

def elgamal_decrypt(ciphertext, private_key):
    cipher = PKCS1_v1_5.new(private_key)
    plaintext = cipher.decrypt(ciphertext, None)
    return plaintext

Diffie-Hellman

from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import dh
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend

def diffie_hellman_key_exchange():
    parameters = dh.generate_parameters(generator=2, key_size=2048, backend=default_backend())
    private_key = parameters.generate_private_key()
    public_key = private_key.public_key()
    return private_key, public_key

请注意，以上代码示例仅为了给出算法加密实现过程的概述，并不包含完整的错误处理和密钥生成等部分。在实际使用中，应该更加细致地处理错误和密钥管理。

Python 实现常见的密钥加密算法：AES、RSA、ECC、DES、3DES、Rabin、ElGamal、Diffie-Hellman