Lou soil is an ancient cultivated soil formed by soil manure piles and the cultivation of people in the Guanzhong area for a long time It not only occupies an important position in the agricultural pr

Lou soil is a cultivated soil that has been formed by soil manure piles and human cultivation in the Guanzhong area for a long time. This soil not only plays a crucial role in agricultural production in Shaanxi Province, but it is also an important area of research in the field of soil classification. This paper aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of the mound layer thickness in Lou soil and its impact on soil fertility quality. Based on previous research data, 54 Lou soil profile samples from different areas of Guanzhong were selected for analysis. The diagnostic layer of the Lou soil profile was determined to clarify its classification in the higher and base classification units. The physical and chemical properties of soil under different soil groups, soil obstacle factors, and the applicability of crop growth were analyzed, and the utilization measures and improvement schemes were proposed according to local conditions. The results showed that Lou soil belonged to the brown soil and yellow soil subclass of brown soil and yellow soil subclass of yellow soil. Five diagnostic horizons and three diagnostic evidence were identified, and four diagnostic characteristics were determined. Based on the diagnostic horizons and characteristics of Lou soil, 41 profiles were retrieved as Anthrosols with Cumulic epipedon, 7 profiles were retrieved as Argosols with Argic horizon, and 6 profiles were retrieved as Cambosols. A total of 3 suborder, 4 groups, and 7 subgroups were searched under the soil class. The Lou soil profile was divided into 17 soil families and 54 soil series. The research showed that for Lou soil in different regions, proper soil testing formula and crop varieties should be selected, agricultural production infrastructure should be improved, field management measures should be optimized, and green environmental protection and mitigation should be paid attention to while improving production efficiency. This study provides a theoretical basis for the realization of high yield of food crops and a reference for the better development of soil classification system in China.