降重：可信执行环境与区块链具有互补性质。可信执 行环境的开销很小并可在安全环境中完成计算而 区块链节点通常具有有限的计算能力需要公开其 整个状态来让其他节点公开验证［61］。可信执行环 境不能保证可用性或对网络的可靠访问而区块链 可以保证其状态的强可用性和持久性［62］。区块链 和可信执行环境的结合可以提高区块链的效率和安 全性。可信执行环境为区块链提供底层可信网络 因此复杂的链上计算任务可以在链

Translation: Trusted execution environments and blockchain have complementary properties. Trusted execution environments have minimal overhead and can perform computations in a secure environment, while blockchain nodes typically have limited computing power and need to expose their entire state for other nodes to verify [61]. Trusted execution environments cannot guarantee availability or reliable network access, while blockchain can guarantee strong availability and persistence of its state [62]. The combination of blockchain and trusted execution environments can improve the efficiency and security of blockchain. Trusted execution environments provide a trusted underlying network for blockchain, so complex on-chain computing tasks can be run off-chain, with blockchain used to record data [63]. Trusted execution environments can be used to validate transactions and endorse their validity without requiring all consensus nodes to verify them. In a secure area implemented with trusted hardware and software, trusted execution environments can ensure that internal data during process execution is not visible to non-secure areas. Only specific access interfaces can operate in the secure area.