What are the essential maths prerequisites modules for learning applied cryptography List out the most important ones only no more than three modules should be listed

Number Theory: This module covers the properties of prime numbers, modular arithmetic, and the Euclidean algorithm. It is essential for understanding the mathematical foundations of cryptography, including the RSA and Diffie-Hellman key exchange algorithms.

Probability and Statistics: This module covers the concepts of probability theory, statistical inference, and the analysis of data. It is important for understanding the security of cryptographic algorithms and protocols, as well as the evaluation of their performance.

Linear Algebra: This module covers the concepts of vectors, matrices, and linear transformations. It is essential for understanding the mathematical structure of cryptographic algorithms, such as AES and elliptic curve cryptography.