16Banister D 2018 The political economy of transport and urban sustainability In Sustainable urban transport pp 37-53 Routledge

In this chapter, Banister discusses the political and economic factors that shape sustainable urban transport. He argues that sustainable transport cannot be achieved through technological fixes alone, but requires changes in social and economic structures. Banister identifies three key themes that influence sustainable urban transport: governance, finance, and regulation.

Governance refers to the way in which decisions are made about transport policies and investments. Banister suggests that there are various governance structures that can support sustainable transport, including participatory decision-making processes, interagency coordination, and public-private partnerships. He also notes that governance structures must be flexible and adaptable to changing circumstances.

Finance is another important factor in sustainable urban transport. Banister argues that transport investments must be financially sustainable, meaning that they must generate enough revenue to cover their costs over time. He suggests that there are various financing mechanisms that can support sustainable transport, including road pricing, congestion charges, and public-private partnerships.

Finally, Banister discusses the role of regulation in sustainable urban transport. He argues that regulations can help to create a level playing field for sustainable transport modes, such as cycling, walking, and public transit. Regulations can also help to reduce the environmental impact of transport, by setting emissions standards and promoting low-carbon technologies.

Overall, Banister's chapter highlights the complex political and economic factors that shape sustainable urban transport. He suggests that achieving sustainable transport requires a holistic approach that considers not only technological solutions, but also governance structures, financing mechanisms, and regulations.