请优化以下论文的前言部分这是两段内容提出两个科学问题尽量不减少字数并优化得更具有逻辑性和学术性 The cultivation of winter wheat using conventional high-yielding methods often require large fertilizer and water to promote the growth of individual pl

Winter wheat cultivation using conventional high-yielding methods requires large amounts of fertilizer and water, which poses a challenge to water conservation. To address this challenge, increasing water use efficiency in agriculture has been proposed, particularly in the North China Plain, a crucial grain-producing region in China facing severe groundwater shortages. However, previous studies on water-efficient wheat cultivation in this region have yielded inconsistent results, highlighting the need for further investigation. Various irrigation amounts and planting densities have been explored, and deficit irrigation strategies have been increasingly adopted in the development of water conservation. Nevertheless, the effect of diverse water management on interannual yield variability under long-term conditions remains unclear.

In addition to water conservation, winter wheat cultivation faces the challenge of adapting to the increasing effects of climate change. Climate variability has been shown to have a significant impact on global wheat yield, with regions with high yield variability playing a crucial role in global wheat production. The negative impact of climate change on global wheat production cannot be ignored, as it can potentially reduce production by 30% by mid-century. Temperature variations have been identified as a critical factor affecting winter wheat yields, with sudden temperature rises resulting in forced ripening and yield loss. Dry and hot winds during the filling period have also been reported to cause rapid senescence and death of winter wheat, resulting in lower filling rates. Although there has been a great deal of research on the effects of climate change on winter wheat, more research based on field trial observations is needed to investigate how diverse water management combined with weather conditions affect yield variation in winter wheat.