请优化这段摘要 The promotion of water-saving wheat cultivation was initiated in response to the depletion of groundwater resources However with the increased impact of climate change in recent years the long

In response to the depletion of groundwater resources, the promotion of water-saving wheat cultivation was initiated. However, as climate change continues to have an increased impact, there is a need to better understand the long-term benefits of water-efficient winter wheat cultivation and the impact of water management in combination with climate change. This six-year experiment investigated the yield and water-saving benefits of conventional (Con), optimized (Opt), and minimum (Min) irrigation treatment, and their sensitivity to weather conditions. The results showed that Opt had a six-year average yield of 8.3 Mg ha-1, comparable to Con while using 10.2% less water and 8.0% more water use efficiently. In contrast, Min had a yield 28.4% less than Con but used 36.9% less water and was 6.5% more water efficient. The study found that the 90% decrease in yield of Min was caused by a reduction in ear number due to water stress from jointing to flowering. The treatments exhibited erratic yields with interannual yield variation ranging from 9.4-10.5%. Con and Opt contributed 92.3% and 66.1% of the yield variation in thousand kernel weight, respectively, while Min ear number accounted for 60.7% of the yield variation. Furthermore, Tmin at the filling stage had significant effects on KW in the Con and Opt treatments, while the Min treatment at the pre-flowering stage was more affected by rainfall regarding ear number. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into balancing water conservation and food security while adapting to climate change.