请优化以下论文前言Wheat Triticum aestivum L is a vital crop for global food security as it is the most widely cultivated crop worldwide FAO 2022 However due to escalating water scarcity issues in many wheat-gr

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) is an essential crop for global food security, as it is the most widely cultivated crop worldwide (FAO, 2022). However, escalating water scarcity issues in many wheat-growing regions have made the traditional approach of widespread irrigation to meet the increasing demand for wheat unsustainable (Meena et al., 2019; Rosa, 2022; Scanlon et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2021). Therefore, researchers have explored water-saving irrigation strategies that can enhance wheat water use efficiency without compromising yield (Liu et al., 2022; Chaerle et al., 2005; Bertolino et al., 2019). Moreover, with the depletion of groundwater resources and the increasing frequency of droughts due to climate change, it is imperative to explore the long-timescale benefits of water-efficient irrigation for winter wheat and its response to weather conditions.

Conventional high-yielding cultivation methods for winter wheat require large amounts of fertilizer and water to promote the growth of individual plants (Wang et al., 2006; Liu et al., 2016; Sun et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2017). To cope with the scarce water supply, increasing water use efficiency in food production has been proposed to simultaneously maintain or increase food production and reduce irrigation water use (Kang et al., 2000; Zhang et al., 2017). The North China Plain, a crucial grain-producing region in China, has made significant efforts to develop water-efficient wheat in recent years due to severe groundwater shortages (Zhang et al., 2017; van Oort, 2016 #118). Despite numerous studies conducted in this region, the results are inconsistent. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the effect of diverse water management on crop yield, especially the interannual yield variability under long-term conditions.

Winter wheat faces not only the challenge of water conservation but also the need to cope with increasing climate change. According to Ray et al. (2015), more than 60% of yield variability in major breadbasket regions across the globe can be attributed to climate variability. Previous studies have suggested that climate change could reduce global wheat production by 30% by mid-century (Ray et al., 2012). Therefore, it is imperative to study the effects of climate change on winter wheat, especially the impact of weather conditions on yield variation in combination with diverse water management strategies.

In this study, we analyzed data obtained from a six-year field trial to determine several key factors. First, we evaluated the yield and water use efficiency performance of three different irrigation treatments over a six-year period. Second, we aimed to determine the causes of yield differences among these treatments. Finally, we determined the sources of interannual yield variability influenced by weather conditions. The ultimate goal of this study is to provide a theoretical basis for effective winter wheat management to improve food and water security, especially in the face of climate change.