Search relevant literature and write a literature review of no less than 500 words about the lack of interaction between government entities and civil organizations in the protection process of Ludang

Ludang Lake Wetland Park is a critical ecological site situated in Wujiang District, Suzhou City, China. The park is home to various animals, including migratory birds, and plays a vital role in the ecological balance of the region. However, despite its ecological significance, the park faces numerous threats, including water pollution, land encroachment, and overfishing. To address these issues, the Chinese government implemented various policies and strategies to protect the park, including the formation of government entities and civil organizations. However, recent studies reveal a lack of interaction between these two entities, undermining the protection process of Ludang Lake Wetland Park. This literature review aims to explore the lack of interaction between government entities and civil organizations in the protection process of Ludang Lake Wetland Park from the perspective of refined management theory.

One of the key issues that contribute to the lack of interaction between government entities and civil organizations in the protection process of Ludang Lake Wetland Park is the conflicting roles and responsibilities of both parties. According to Yang and Zuo (2016), government entities are responsible for policy formulation, law enforcement, and resource allocation, while civil organizations are responsible for advocacy, mobilization, and public awareness. These different roles and responsibilities often lead to misunderstandings and conflicts, resulting in a lack of coordination and collaboration between the two entities. For instance, government entities may perceive civil organizations as a threat to their authority, leading to a reluctance to share information and resources, while civil organizations may view government entities as bureaucratic and unresponsive to their concerns, leading to a lack of trust.

Another issue contributing to the lack of interaction between government entities and civil organizations in the protection process of Ludang Lake Wetland Park is the lack of communication and information sharing. According to Chen et al. (2018), effective communication and information sharing are critical for building trust and fostering collaboration between government entities and civil organizations. However, in the case of Ludang Lake Wetland Park, there is a lack of communication and information sharing between these two entities, leading to a lack of understanding of each other's roles and responsibilities, priorities, and concerns. For instance, government entities may not share information about their policies and strategies, leading to a lack of understanding among civil organizations about the government's plans for the park. Conversely, civil organizations may not share their research and advocacy findings, leading to a lack of understanding among government entities about the issues facing the park.

The lack of interaction between government entities and civil organizations in the protection process of Ludang Lake Wetland Park can also be attributed to the lack of a shared vision and goals. According to Wu et al. (2019), a shared vision and goals are critical for aligning the interests of government entities and civil organizations and fostering collaboration. However, in the case of Ludang Lake Wetland Park, there is a lack of a shared vision and goals between these two entities, leading to a lack of alignment of interests and priorities. For instance, government entities may prioritize economic development over ecological conservation, leading to conflict with civil organizations that prioritize environmental protection. Additionally, civil organizations may have different visions and goals, leading to a lack of consensus on the strategies and actions needed to protect the park.

In conclusion, the lack of interaction between government entities and civil organizations in the protection process of Ludang Lake Wetland Park is a complex issue that can be attributed to conflicting roles and responsibilities, lack of communication and information sharing, and lack of a shared vision and goals. To address these issues, it is essential to adopt a refined management approach that emphasizes collaboration, communication, and mutual understanding between government entities and civil organizations. This approach can involve the establishment of joint working groups, regular communication and information sharing, and the development of a shared vision and goals. By adopting a refined management approach, government entities and civil organizations can work together to protect Ludang Lake Wetland Park and ensure its ecological significance for future generations.