【翻译并润色】有砟轨道结构在我国既有铁路中仍然占比重道床大修是线路修的主要作业文章分析了普速铁路道床大修技术的发展历程及现状指出采用状态修替代周期修是我国铁路有砟轨道道床大修的必然趋势而高效的道床状态观技术是状态修模式的关键同时提出了我国道床大修关键技术的发展方向及有待解决的技术问题所得到的主要结论如下1合理的道床状态评价指标本系应包含道床的力学状态支承刚度及均匀性、道床的物理状态道床污程度以及轨

The ballasted track structure still accounts for a significant proportion of existing railways in China. The major maintenance work for track is ballast bed overhaul. This article analyzes the development process and current status of ballast bed overhaul technology for conventional speed railways, and points out that replacing periodic maintenance with state-based maintenance is an inevitable trend for ballast bed overhaul on China's ballasted track railways. Efficient ballast bed state monitoring technology is the key to state-based maintenance, and the article also proposes the development direction of key technologies for ballast bed overhaul in China and the technical problems that need to be addressed. The main conclusions are as follows:

1. Reasonable evaluation indicators for ballast bed state should include the mechanical state (support stiffness and uniformity), physical state (degree of ballast fouling), and structural state of the subgrade foundation.

2. The article proposes the evaluation indicator of ballast bed health index (BHI).

3. It is suggested to use a loading car to test the mechanical state of the ballast bed and ground-penetrating radar to detect the degree of ballast fouling, and to establish a multi-dimensional data fusion analysis evaluation method to assess the service state of ballasted track railways.