AES algorithm Use 44 tables to represent a state block Explain in detaila AES S-box Assume you have a State block as defined below indicate the size of the block and find the new state after applying

The state block size is 4x4.

To apply the AES S-box transformation, we need to substitute each byte in the state block with a new byte based on a fixed lookup table (the S-box). The S-box is a 16x16 table where each entry is a hexadecimal representation of a new byte value.

The first byte of the state block is D1. To find the new byte value, we look up the row corresponding to the first hexadecimal digit (D) and the column corresponding to the second hexadecimal digit (1) in the S-box. The row is 13 and the column is 1, so the new byte value is the hexadecimal representation of the entry in row 13, column 1 of the S-box, which is 0x9F.

Similarly, we apply the S-box transformation to each byte in the state block to get the new state:

New State: 9F 6C F8 3B E6 87 8D 8F 1C 8F 8F 9C A4 42 0F 6C

Note that the size of the state block remains the same.