Subsequently, the AAOR performance of various metal-based catalysts (Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu) with identical mass loadings was evaluated. The results indicated that the 2.5%Fe@KJ catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic activity, achieving an ultra-high current density of 1 A/cm2 at a potential of only 0.75 V (vs. RHE) at room temperature (RT) (Fig. 3c). Conversely, the AAOR performance catalyzed by pure KJ was significantly inferior to that of metal-based catalysts, implying that transition metals served as the active centers for catalytic AA oxidation. To determine the optimal loading, the AAOR performance of catalysts with varying Fe contents@KJ was tested, revealing that the ideal Fe wt.% loading (@KJ) was approximately 2.5 wt.% (Fig. S4). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Bode plot were conducted at different potentials to investigate the kinetic process of AAOR (Fig. 3d and Fig. S5). Notably, in the low-frequency region, the Nyquist plot exhibited a dramatic change as the potential increased, gradually splitting from a straight line to two semicircular curves when the potential exceeded 0.6 V vs. RHE, indicating the occurrence of AAOR. As the operating potential increased, the semicircular curve of AAOR became smaller, indicating a decrease in impedance and faster reaction kinetics of AA electrocatalytic oxidation. Moreover, EIS analysis was performed for various metals (Fig. S6), showing that the charge transfer impedance of Fe single-atom catalyst was the smallest at the same potential compared to other metals, indicating faster kinetics of Fe reaction with AA, consistent with the LSV results. The long-term stability of catalysts under acidic conditions is a significant challenge, particularly for non-precious metal electrocatalysts. Therefore, the durability of the 2.5%Fe@KJ catalyst for AA oxidation was evaluated by chronopotentiometry assays at 100 mA/cm2. The results indicated that the Fe activity did not exhibit significant degradation for more than 100 h (Fig. 3e), surpassing the long-term stability of the presently reported hydrogen production system coupled with biomass electrooxidation. Additionally, the Fe ions in AA solution were measured at different reaction times by ICP-OES, revealing that the corrosion rate of Fe ions was approximately 0.0042 ug/(L h) (Fig. S7), indicating that the catalyst demonstrated excellent stability.

请用专业的学术英语润色这段话Subsequently the AAOR performance by different metal-based Fe Mn Co Ni Cu catalysts with the same mass loadings are tested We found that 25FeKJ catalyst exhibited the best catalytic perf

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