The Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Change (LUCC) on Ecosystem Service Supply-Demand: A Multi-Level Perspective

Moreover, the increase in population and socio-economic activity that accompanies LUCC activities has a profound impact on the demand for Ecosystem Services (ES). This, in turn, exacerbates the existing imbalance between ES supply and demand, leading to a range of ecological degradation and social equity issues. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct future predictive studies that examine the impact of LUCC activities on Ecosystem Service Supply-Demand (ESSD). Such studies can help identify priorities for ecological protection and provide guidance for the implementation of effective ecological management policies. However, existing prediction studies have primarily focused on ES supply and demand while neglecting the analysis of ES demand and the associated ES balance. Additionally, these studies have been limited to a single spatial scale and have not adequately considered the interactions among multiple levels of Ecosystem Services. Hence, there is an urgent need for holistic studies that encompass multiple levels in order to gain a better understanding of the impact of LUCC activities on ESSD. These studies will enable the formulation of tailored policies for land management in different administrative regions.