Horn Antenna Design for High-Frequency Reflectarray: Optimized Placement and Phase Distribution

The horn antenna for high frequency is positioned on one side of the array surface, as shown in Figure 10, with detailed dimensions provided. To minimize obstruction to high-gain beamforming, a relatively small-sized horn is utilized. In this design, the horn is oriented towards the center of the array surface, with a vertical distance (zhorn) of 58.2 mm and a horizontal distance (yhorn) of 34.5 mm from the metasurface. Once the position of the feeding source is determined, the phase distributions of the reflectarray surface can be obtained at 30 GHz. For simulation efficiency, the phase shift values chosen for the reflective units at high frequencies are 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°, resulting in a 2-bit phase shifting distribution. These phase shift values are plotted in Figure 11.