Can you explain the following concepts in Java in plain word and provide a easy-to-understand example code to illustrateObject-Oriented Programming A InheritanceB Super class subclassC PolymorphismD

A. Inheritance is a concept in object-oriented programming where a new class is created by inheriting the properties of an existing class. The new class is called the subclass while the existing class is called the superclass. The subclass inherits all the properties and methods of the superclass and can add new properties and methods as well.

Example Code:

class Animal {
  public void eat() {
    System.out.println("I can eat");
  }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
  public void bark() {
    System.out.println("I can bark");
  }
}

public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Dog myDog = new Dog();
    myDog.eat();
    myDog.bark();
  }
}

B. Superclass and subclass are terms used in inheritance. The superclass is the existing class that is being inherited and the subclass is the new class that is created by inheriting the properties of the superclass.

Example Code:

class Animal {
  public void eat() {
    System.out.println("I can eat");
  }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
  public void bark() {
    System.out.println("I can bark");
  }
}

public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Dog myDog = new Dog();
    myDog.eat();
    myDog.bark();
  }
}

C. Polymorphism is a concept in object-oriented programming where a subclass can be used to represent various forms of the superclass. This means that a subclass can take on different forms and be used in different contexts.

Example Code:

class Animal {
  public void makeSound() {
    System.out.println("Animal is making a sound");
  }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
  public void makeSound() {
    System.out.println("Dog is barking");
  }
}

public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Animal myAnimal = new Animal();
    Animal myDog = new Dog();
    myAnimal.makeSound();
    myDog.makeSound();
  }
}

D. Dynamic method binding is a concept in object-oriented programming where the correct method to be called is determined at runtime rather than compile-time. This means that the method to be called is decided based on the actual type of the object rather than the declared type.

Example Code:

class Animal {
  public void makeSound() {
    System.out.println("Animal is making a sound");
  }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
  public void makeSound() {
    System.out.println("Dog is barking");
  }
}

public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Animal myAnimal = new Animal();
    Animal myDog = new Dog();
    myAnimal.makeSound();
    myDog.makeSound();
  }
}

E. Abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated but can be inherited by other classes. It is used when a class is too general or too vague to be instantiated. A concrete class is a class that can be instantiated.

Example Code:

abstract class Animal {
  public abstract void makeSound();
}

class Dog extends Animal {
  public void makeSound() {
    System.out.println("Dog is barking");
  }
}

public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Animal myDog = new Dog();
    myDog.makeSound();
  }
}

F. Inner class definition is a class defined inside another class. An inner class can access the properties and methods of the outer class.

Example Code:

class OuterClass {
  int x = 10;

  class InnerClass {
    public int myInnerMethod() {
      return x;
    }
  }
}

public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    OuterClass myOuter = new OuterClass();
    OuterClass.InnerClass myInner = myOuter.new InnerClass();
    System.out.println(myInner.myInnerMethod());
  }
}

G. Type-wrapper class for primitive data types is a class that wraps around a primitive data type to provide additional functionality. For example, the Integer class can be used to wrap around an int data type and provide methods to convert between int and String.

Example Code:

public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Integer myInt = 5;
    System.out.println(myInt.toString());
  }
}

H. Interfaces are a collection of abstract methods that can be implemented by a class. It is used to define a contract between the class and the outside world. A class that implements an interface must provide an implementation for all the methods defined in the interface.

Example Code:

interface Animal {
  public void makeSound();
}

class Dog implements Animal {
  public void makeSound() {
    System.out.println("Dog is barking");
  }
}

public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Animal myDog = new Dog();
    myDog.makeSound();
  }
}