Generating Circularly Polarized Waves with Integrated Anisotropic Polarizers

Circularly polarized waves can be generated by combining two orthogonal linearly polarized waves with a phase difference of 90° and the same amplitude. In this study, we integrated two anisotropic polarizers on the upper and lower surfaces of the dual-band dual-function metasurface unit described in the previous sections. This integration formed the unit of the polarizer integrated dual-functional surface (PIDFS), as illustrated in Fig. 7(a). The polarizers used in this setup cause electromagnetic waves to propagate with a slower phase velocity along the v-axis polarization compared to the u-axis polarization. Consequently, the waves experience different phase shifts, φu and φv, when passing through the polarizer. The phase difference Δφ between φv and φu can be calculated using the formula provided, where h represents the thickness of the polarizer, and λ0 is the wavelength in vacuum. The value of Δφ is determined by the thickness h and the difference between the equivalent dielectric constants εu and εv for the two orthogonal components.