Hybrid Architecture for Enhanced Privacy in Distributed Systems

Due to the limited computing power of mobile devices used in distributed systems, researchers have combined distributed architecture with centralized architecture to create a hybrid architecture. This architecture can leverage the advantages of both distributed systems and centralized systems, providing better protection for user privacy. Zhang et al. [16] used multiple central servers located in different positions to both disperse privacy risks and enhance the decentralization of collaborative anonymous users. Luo et al. [17] improved privacy protection by transforming trajectories between multiple collaborative users and central services. Huang et al. [18] achieved indistinguishability of selected collaborative users by using a central server to choose users that meet differential privacy standards. Xing et al. [19] enhanced privacy protection by implementing uncertain associations between central servers and collaborative users through dual anonymity of server groups and collaborative users.