数控机床进给系统热误差测量、解耦、建模及补偿研究

The feed system is an important component of CNC machine tools, and its motion error directly affects the machining accuracy of the parts. The influencing factors of feed system errors in machine tools include thermal errors, geometric errors, dynamic errors, and other factors, among which thermal errors have the most significant impact. In terms of machine tool thermal errors, current research mainly focuses on spindle thermal errors, and there is relatively little research on feed system thermal errors. At the same time, in thermal error modeling research, there is a lack of decoupling analysis of actual measurement errors, and multi-factor coupled error data often leads to poor robustness of modeling and compensation effects. This paper focuses on the T55 precision CNC lathe produced by Heidman, and studies its feed system thermal error measurement, decoupling, modeling, and compensation techniques to effectively improve positioning accuracy.

Firstly, the generation mechanism of feed system thermal errors was studied, and the heat generation laws of X-axis feed system with inclined arrangement and Z-axis feed system with horizontal arrangement during machine tool operation were obtained. The impact laws of non-motion heat generation and motion heat generation on feed system thermal errors were analyzed. Through the establishment of a finite element model of the feed system, simulation analysis was conducted to obtain the temperature field and thermal deformation field of the X-axis feed system under non-motion heat generation conditions.