Immunotherapy in EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have greatly improved the prognosis of patients with advanced driver gene-negative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, for driver gene-positive NSCLC, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), targeted therapy remains the preferred option. Considering the heterogeneity of EGFR-mutant NSCLC in terms of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression levels, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and other immune features, the use of immunotherapy in this population is still worth exploring. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the immune characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of EGFR-mutant NSCLC, as well as the clinical practice of immunotherapy in EGFR-mutant populations, to provide reference for future research.