Efficient Ho3+ Laser Operation Enabled by Tm3+ Sensitization and Cross-Relaxation
Tm3+ serves as a sensitizer in this system, allowing for direct pumping by commercial LDs operating at 781 or 785 nm. The two-for-one cross-relaxation mechanism of Tm3+ ensures high pump quantum efficiency. This efficient energy transfer from Tm3+ populates the upper laser level of Ho3+, ultimately leading to laser action.
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