Translation: DSA is considered the gold standard for diagnosing carotid artery disease (19,20). However, due to its invasiveness, DSA has characteristics of radiation and nephrotoxicity, as well as being relatively expensive.

翻译:DSA被认为是诊断颈动脉疾病的黄金标准1920。然而由于其侵入性DSA有辐射及肾毒性和相对昂贵的特点。

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