用直白的英语描述13种贸易术语

Import: The act of bringing goods or services into a country from another country.
Export: The act of sending goods or services from one country to another country.
Trade deficit: When a country's imports exceed its exports, resulting in a negative balance of trade.
Trade surplus: When a country's exports exceed its imports, resulting in a positive balance of trade.
Tariff: A tax imposed on imported goods, making them more expensive and less competitive in the domestic market.
Quota: A limit imposed on the quantity or value of specific goods that can be imported or exported within a given period.
Free trade: The unrestricted flow of goods and services between countries without any barriers or restrictions such as tariffs or quotas.
Dumping: The practice of selling goods in a foreign market at a price lower than their production cost, often to gain a competitive advantage.
Trade barrier: Any restriction or measure that hinders the free flow of goods and services between countries, such as tariffs, quotas, or technical regulations.
Trade agreement: A formal agreement between two or more countries that outlines the terms and conditions for trade, including tariffs, quotas, and other trade-related policies.
Protectionism: The economic policy of protecting domestic industries from foreign competition by imposing trade barriers such as tariffs or quotas.
World Trade Organization (WTO): An international organization that promotes free trade and settles trade disputes among member countries.
Foreign direct investment (FDI): The investment made by a company or individual from one country into another country, typically in the form of establishing a business or acquiring assets