S. Miltiorrhiza seeds were carefully selected based on their integrity and uniform size. The seeds underwent a 10-minute sterilization process using 10% sodium hypochlorite (v/v) followed by rinsing with distilled water. The sterilized seeds were then planted in plastic pots (20 cm diameter × 20 cm height) filled with 6 L of sterilized vermiculite. The experiment was divided into three groups, with each group sown in February, May, and July 2022, respectively. At the time of drought treatment in October 2022, the three groups of S. miltiorrhiza plants were at the 2-month-old (2M) seedling stage, 5-month-old (5M) nutritional growth stage, and 7-month-old (7M) reproductive growth stage. To ensure uniformity, 42 pots with similar growth potential were selected for each group and divided into 7 treatments, with each treatment being repeated 6 times (3 groups × 7 treatments × 6 replicates). The plants were irrigated with 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solution, which was changed every 3 days to maintain constant nutrient concentrations. In each group, the normal control (CK) received only 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solution, while the drought stress treatment (D) was subjected to 20% PEG 6000 (v/v). Treatments T1 to T5 were sprayed with 0.2 μg/mL, 0.5 μg/mL, 1.0 μg/mL, 2.0 μg/mL, and 4.0 μg/mL BL on foliage until dripping. The experiment ended 21 days after the initiation of drought stress. Samples from 3 pots of each treatment were selected randomly to determine the biomass, while leaf and root samples from the other 3 pots were collected, snapped in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80 ◦C


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