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Matthew Arnold was a renowned literary critic and poet who lived during the Victorian era. His views on poetics were heavily influenced by his personal experiences, the cultural and social context of his time, and his philosophical outlook. In his critical writings, Arnold advocated for a literary culture that was informed by reason, morality, and a sense of social responsibility. This essay will explore Matthew Arnold's view of poetics, using his poem "Dover Beach" as an example of how his own poetry embodies his poetic view and critical thought.

Arnold's view of poetics was shaped by his belief that literature should serve a moral purpose. He argued that poetry should not merely be a form of entertainment, but rather a means of communicating important ideas and values. Arnold believed that literature had the power to elevate and enrich the human spirit, and that it should be used to promote social and cultural progress. In his essay "The Study of Poetry," Arnold wrote, "The function of poetry is to inform and stimulate the mind and soul, to give us a deeper insight into life, to teach us how to live, and to help us to appreciate the beauty and grandeur of the world around us."

Arnold's emphasis on moral purpose is evident in his poem "Dover Beach." The poem is a lament for the loss of faith and the moral decay of modern society. It begins with a description of the tranquil and beautiful scene of the Dover Beach at night. However, this idyllic picture is soon shattered by the harsh reality of the world. The speaker observes the "grating roar" of the waves and the "eternal note of sadness" that seems to pervade the world. He sees the world as a place of chaos and confusion, devoid of any moral or spiritual values. The poem ends with the speaker calling for a return to faith and morality, as the only means of finding meaning and purpose in life.

In "Dover Beach," Arnold uses the imagery of the sea to symbolize the vastness and complexity of the world. The sea represents the unknown, the unpredictable, and the uncontrollable aspects of life. The "eternal note of sadness" that the speaker hears in the waves suggests a sense of despair and hopelessness, as if the world is devoid of any meaning or purpose. However, this bleak picture is not the final word in the poem. Arnold ends the poem with a call to faith, suggesting that there is hope and meaning to be found in the world, but only if we are willing to embrace it.

Arnold's view of poetics is also characterized by his belief in the importance of form and technique. He believed that poetry should be written in a language that is clear, precise, and accessible to all. He also emphasized the importance of rhythm, meter, and rhyme, arguing that these elements were essential for creating a sense of unity and coherence in the poem. In his essay "The Function of Criticism at the Present Time," Arnold wrote, "The first essential of criticism is to know what one is criticizing; the second is to know how to criticize."

Arnold's emphasis on form is evident in "Dover Beach." The poem is written in free verse, with no regular meter or rhyme scheme. However, the poem is still characterized by a strong sense of rhythm and musicality. The repetition of the phrase "the sea is calm tonight" creates a sense of stability and order, while the changing rhythms and cadences of the poem reflect the shifting moods and emotions of the speaker. The use of imagery and symbolism also contributes to the overall unity and coherence of the poem.

In conclusion, Matthew Arnold's view of poetics was shaped by his belief in the moral purpose of literature, his emphasis on form and technique, and his commitment to social and cultural progress. His poem "Dover Beach" exemplifies these ideas, as it expresses a sense of despair and hopelessness, but also offers a call to faith and morality as a means of finding meaning and purpose in life. Arnold's legacy as a critic and poet continues to influence literary discourse today, as his ideas about the role of literature in society remain relevant and compelling