Ion homeostasis is another important strategy for minimizing drought damage Drought causes imbalance in anions and cations in plants affecting water transport in plasma membrane and tonoplast This lea

In addition to ABA and proline, other ions such as calcium (Ca2+) and sodium (Na+) also play important roles in ion homeostasis during drought stress. Ca2+ signaling is involved in stomatal closure and regulation of gene expression, while Na+ exclusion from the cytoplasm prevents toxicity and maintains ion balance. [A28] Plants have developed various mechanisms to maintain ion homeostasis, such as ion transporters and channels, ion-binding proteins, and osmotic adjustment. [A29] Overall, ion homeostasis is crucial for plant survival under drought stress, and understanding the underlying mechanisms can help in the development of drought-tolerant crops