Krupp armor piercing formula

The Krupp armor-piercing formula, also known as the Krupp formula, is a mathematical formula used to calculate the required kinetic energy needed to penetrate armor. It was developed by the German company Krupp during World War II.

The formula is as follows:

E = (V^2 * D^2) / (2 * L)

Where: E = Kinetic energy (in joules) V = Velocity of the projectile (in meters per second) D = Diameter of the projectile (in meters) L = Length of the projectile (in meters)

The Krupp formula takes into account the velocity, diameter, and length of the projectile to determine the amount of kinetic energy needed to penetrate a certain thickness of armor. It considers the principle that the energy of a projectile is directly proportional to its mass and the square of its velocity.

The formula was widely used by various military forces during World War II and continues to be a basis for modern armor-piercing calculations. However, it should be noted that the formula is a simplified approximation and does not take into account other factors such as projectile shape, material properties, and angle of impact, which can also affect armor penetration