please introduce the steps of building a DCF valuation model

Determine the company's free cash flow: Calculate the company's free cash flow by subtracting capital expenditures from operating cash flow.

Choose a discount rate: Determine the appropriate discount rate for the company based on its risk profile and other factors.

Forecast future free cash flows: Project the company's free cash flows for a certain period of time, typically 5-10 years.

Determine the terminal value: Estimate the company's terminal value, or the value of the company beyond the forecast period.

Discount future cash flows and terminal value: Discount the future cash flows and terminal value to their present values using the discount rate.

Calculate the enterprise value: Add the present value of the future cash flows and terminal value to get the enterprise value.

Subtract net debt and other liabilities: Subtract any net debt and other liabilities to arrive at the equity value.

Divide equity value by shares outstanding: Divide the equity value by the total number of shares outstanding to arrive at the fair value per share.

Compare to market price: Compare the fair value per share to the current market price to determine whether the stock is undervalued or overvalued