The patient female 69 years old was admitted to the hospital due to dry mouth polydipsia frequent urination and dysuria for more than 10 years nausea and vomiting for 2 days The patient felt mild dry

Clinical features:

• Dry mouth, polydipsia, frequent urination and dysuria for more than 10 years
• Nausea and vomiting for 2 days
• Weight loss, fatigue, and decreased food intake
• Family history of diabetes
• Vision loss and numbness in fingers and toes
• Cloudy urine with white blood cells and red blood cells

Clinical diagnosis: The clinical diagnosis of this case is uncontrolled type 2 diabetes complicated by urinary tract infection, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome, and possibly diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy. The basis for this diagnosis includes the patient's symptoms and medical history, as well as laboratory results showing high fasting blood glucose, urine sugar, and blood ketone body levels, as well as elevated white blood cell count and protein in the urine.

Differential diagnosis:

• Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Acute kidney injury
• Pyelonephritis
• Diabetic retinopathy
• Diabetic neuropathy

Treatment principles:

• Control hyperglycemia with insulin therapy and/or oral hypoglycemic agents
• Treat urinary tract infection with appropriate antibiotics
• Correct electrolyte imbalances and dehydration
• Monitor and treat complications such as neuropathy and nephropathy
• Implement lifestyle modifications including diet and exercise to manage diabetes long-term