基于Netty的多人聊天室:Java实现及完整代码示例
基于Netty的多人聊天室:Java实现及完整代码示例
本教程将引导您使用Java和Netty框架创建一个多人聊天室应用。我们将涵盖服务器端和客户端的实现,并提供完整的代码示例。
一、项目概述
本项目将实现一个简单的多人聊天室,具备以下功能:
- 用户登录: 用户可以使用用户名和密码登录聊天室。* 聊天室列表: 用户可以查看可加入的聊天室列表。* 消息发送: 用户可以在聊天室中发送消息。* 私聊: 用户可以向其他用户发送私聊消息。
二、服务器端实现
2.1 服务器端主程序javaimport io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;import io.netty.util.concurrent.DefaultEventExecutorGroup;import io.netty.util.concurrent.EventExecutorGroup;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
public class MultiChatServer { private final int port; private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, ChannelHandlerContext> userMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); private final EventExecutorGroup group = new DefaultEventExecutorGroup(16);
public MultiChatServer(int port) { this.port = port; }
public void run() throws Exception { EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap(); b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup) .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder(), new StringEncoder(), new MultiChatServerHandler(userMap, group)); } }) .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128) .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync(); f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } finally { workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } }
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { int port = 8080; new MultiChatServer(port).run(); }}
代码说明:
- 创建
ServerBootstrap实例用于配置服务器。2. 设置NioEventLoopGroup用于处理IO操作。3. 指定使用NioServerSocketChannel作为服务器通道类型。4. 设置childHandler用于处理客户端连接,并添加StringDecoder、StringEncoder和MultiChatServerHandler到管道中。5. 绑定端口并启动服务器。
2.2 服务器端消息处理器javaimport io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;import io.netty.util.concurrent.EventExecutorGroup;
import java.util.Map;import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
public class MultiChatServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler
public MultiChatServerHandler(ConcurrentHashMap<String, ChannelHandlerContext> userMap, EventExecutorGroup group) { this.userMap = userMap; this.group = group; }
@Override public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { System.out.println('Client connected: ' + ctx.channel().remoteAddress()); }
@Override public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { System.out.println('Client disconnected: ' + ctx.channel().remoteAddress()); userMap.values().remove(ctx); }
@Override protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String msg) throws Exception { String[] tokens = msg.split('\|'); String command = tokens[0];
switch (command) { case 'LOGIN': handleLogin(ctx, tokens[1], tokens[2]); break; case 'LIST': handleList(ctx); break; case 'MSG': handleMessage(ctx, tokens[1], tokens[2]); break; case 'PRIVATE': handlePrivateMessage(ctx, tokens[1], tokens[2]); break; default: ctx.writeAndFlush('Invalid command: ' + command); break; } }
private void handleLogin(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String username, String password) { if (userMap.containsKey(username)) { ctx.writeAndFlush('User already logged in: ' + username); } else { userMap.put(username, ctx); ctx.writeAndFlush('Login successful: ' + username); } }
private void handleList(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.append('Available users:
'); for (Map.Entry<String, ChannelHandlerContext> entry : userMap.entrySet()) { sb.append(entry.getKey()).append(' '); } ctx.writeAndFlush(sb.toString()); }
private void handleMessage(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String recipient, String message) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.append('[').append(ctx.channel().remoteAddress()).append('] ').append(message).append('
'); if (userMap.containsKey(recipient)) { userMap.get(recipient).writeAndFlush(sb.toString()); } else { ctx.writeAndFlush('User not found: ' + recipient); } }
private void handlePrivateMessage(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String recipient, String message) { handleMessage(ctx, recipient, message); }
@Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { cause.printStackTrace(); ctx.close(); }}
代码说明:
MultiChatServerHandler继承自SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String>,用于处理字符串类型的消息。2.channelActive和channelInactive方法分别处理客户端连接和断开连接事件。3.channelRead0方法处理接收到的消息,根据消息类型调用不同的处理方法。4.handleLogin方法处理用户登录请求。5.handleList方法返回当前在线用户列表。6.handleMessage方法处理消息发送请求。7.handlePrivateMessage方法处理私聊消息发送请求。
三、客户端实现
3.1 客户端主程序javaimport io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;
import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.InputStreamReader;
public class MultiChatClient { private final String host; private final int port; private ChannelHandlerContext ctx;
public MultiChatClient(String host, int port) { this.host = host; this.port = port; }
public void run() throws Exception { EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap(); b.group(group) .channel(NioSocketChannel.class) .option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true) .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder(), new StringEncoder(), new MultiChatClientHandler()); } });
ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync(); ctx = f.channel().pipeline().context(MultiChatClientHandler.class); BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); while (true) { String line = in.readLine(); if (line == null) { break; } ctx.writeAndFlush(line + '
'); } } finally { group.shutdownGracefully(); } }
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String host = 'localhost'; int port = 8080; new MultiChatClient(host, port).run(); }}
代码说明:
- 创建
Bootstrap实例用于配置客户端。2. 设置NioEventLoopGroup用于处理IO操作。3. 指定使用NioSocketChannel作为客户端通道类型。4. 设置handler用于处理服务端响应,并添加StringDecoder、StringEncoder和MultiChatClientHandler到管道中。5. 连接服务器并启动客户端。
3.2 客户端消息处理器javaimport io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
public class MultiChatClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler
@Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { cause.printStackTrace(); ctx.close(); }}
代码说明:
MultiChatClientHandler继承自SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String>,用于处理字符串类型的消息。2.channelRead0方法处理接收到的服务端消息,并打印到控制台。
四、编译和运行
- 将 Netty 的 jar 包添加到您的项目中。2. 编译服务器端和客户端代码。3. 首先启动服务器端程序。4. 然后启动多个客户端程序,并连接到服务器。5. 客户端可以输入以下命令进行操作: *
LOGIN|username|password:登录聊天室,例如LOGIN|user1|123456。 *LIST:查看当前在线用户列表。 *MSG|recipient|message:发送消息给指定用户,例如MSG|user2|Hello, user2!。 *PRIVATE|recipient|message:发送私聊消息给指定用户,效果和MSG命令相同,例如PRIVATE|user2|This is a private message.。
总结
本文介绍了如何使用 Netty 构建一个简单的多人聊天室应用。您可以根据自己的需求扩展此应用程序,例如添加群聊功能、文件传输功能等.
原文地址: http://www.cveoy.top/t/topic/f104 著作权归作者所有。请勿转载和采集!