Please rewrite and retouch this paragraph ‘Heteroatomic modulation of Ru is an effective way to introduce and tailor the catalytically active sites for electrochemical water oxidation While great effo

Modulating Ru heteroatom is a successful approach to customize and introduce catalytically active sites for electrochemical water oxidation. Although significant efforts have been invested in understanding the role of dopant configuration and coordination in determining catalytic activity, the impact of structurally adapted MnO2 host on the intrinsic activity of catalytic sites has received less attention. This study systematically investigates the topological effect on oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity for partially Ru-substituted MnO2 of various polymorphs.